White portland cement has essentially the same properties as gray cement, except for color. It is readily available throughout North America. The color of white cement is determined by its raw materials and the manufacturing process. Metal oxides, primarily iron and manganese, influence the whiteness and undertone of the material. After adding pigments, white cements produce clean, bright colors, especially for light pastels. Many different colors of concrete can be created, and just like with paint, two or more pigments can be combined to achieve a wide range of colors. An even greater variety of decorative looks can be achieved by using colored aggregates and varying the surface finish treatment or texture. Mix designs for white or colore